Impacto del terremoto más potente de la humanidad en el desarrollo profesional de la enfermería en el sur de Chile / Impacto do terremoto mais poderoso da humanidade no desenvolvimento profissional da enfermagem no sul do Chile / The Impact of humankind’s most powerful earthquake on the professional development of nursing in the South of Chile

Introduction: Natural catastrophes influence the progress of nursing. The largest recorded earthquake in the world occurred in the South of Chile and is documented as driving the development of nursing in the city of Valdivia, but not in similarly-affected places. Objective: To describe the impact of the mega-earthquake of 1960 in the development of professional nursing in Los Lagos. Methodology: qualitative-historical study. Snowball sampling. Data collection through semi-structured interviews and secondary sources. Inclusion criteria: belonging to the health team of the place and period studied. Informants with cognitive deterioration were excluded. Thematic analysis was carried out. Atlas Ti version 8.3.0 was used. Study approved by ethics committee. Results: in 1960 there were no nurses in Los Lagos and the only hospital in the area was incapacitated. A field hospital was installed, and a new hospital was built with national and international help, which led toarrival of the earliest nurses. Conclusion: the mega-earthquake drove the improvement of health infrastructure and the subsequent arrival of the earliest nurses, which contributed to more complex local health services and raised the quality of care. (AU)

Introducción: Las catástrofes naturales influyen en el progreso de la enfermería. En el surde Chile ocurrió el mayor terremoto registrado en el mundo y está documentado cómo impulsó el desarrollo de la enfermería en la ciudad de Valdivia, pero no en otras localidades igual de afectadas. Objetivo: Develar el impacto del mega terremoto de 1960 en el desarrollo de la enfermería profesional en Los Lagos. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo histórico. Muestreo bola de nieve. Recolección de datos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y fuentes secundarias. Criterio de inclusión: pertenecer al equipo de salud del lugar en el periodo estudiado. Se excluyó informantes con deterioro cognitivo. Se realizó análisis temático. Se utilizó software Atlas Ti versión 8.3.0. Estudio aprobado por comité de ética. Resultados: En 1960 no existían enfermeras en Los Lagos y el único hospital del lugar quedó inhabilitado. Se instaló un hospital de campaña y, gracias a ayuda nacional e internacional, se construyó un nuevo hospital lo que desencadenó la llegada de las primeras enfermeras. Conclusión: El mega terremoto impulsó la mejora de la infraestructura sanitaria y la consecuente llegada de las primeras enfermeras, lo que contribuyó a complejizar las prestaciones de salud local y elevó la calidad de los cuidados. (AU)

Introdução: Os desastres naturais influenciam o progresso da enfermagem. O maior terremoto registrado no mundo ocorreu no sul do Chile e está documentado como promoveu o desenvolvimento da enfermagem na cidade de Valdivia, mas não em outros locais igualmente afetados. Objetivo: Revelar o impacto do mega terremoto de 1960 no desenvolvimento da enfermagem profissional em Los Lagos. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo histórico. Amostragem de bola de neve. Coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e fontes secundárias. Critérios de inclusão: pertencer à equipe de saúde do local no período estudado. Foram excluídos informantes com comprometimento cognitivo. Foi realizada análise temática. Foi utilizado o software Atlas Ti versão 8.3.0. Estudo aprovado por comitê de ética. Resultados: Em 1960 não havia enfermeiros em Los Lagos e o único hospital da região estava desativado. Foi instalado um hospital de campanha e, graças a ajudas nacionais e internacionais, foi construído um novo hospital, o que desencadeou a chegada dos primeiros enfermeiros. Conclusão: O megaterremoto promoveu a melhoria da infraestrutura de saúde e a consequente chegada dos primeiros enfermeiros, o que contribuiu para tornar os serviços de saúde locais mais complexos e elevar a qualidade do atendimento. (AU)

Determinantes primários da migração de alagoanas para Escolas de Enfermagem no Rio de Janeiro (1930-1960) / Principales determinantes de la migración de mujeres de Alagoas a las Escuelas de Enfermería de Río de Janeiro (1930-1960) / Primary determinants of migration of women from Alagoas to Nursing Schools in Rio de Janeiro (1930-1960)

A Enfermagem Moderna no Brasil, no seu devir histórico de consolidação enquanto carreira profissional para a mulher brasileira, manteve uma estreita relação entre a migração de mulheres nordestinas e a formação de seus quadros de enfermeiras diplomadas. Na transição de uma economia agrário-exportadora para uma economia urbano-industrial, na década de 1930, surgiu um sistema de assistência à saúde e, de modo geral, um sistema típico de proteção social no Brasil, culminando com modificações operadas pelo regime varguista (1930-1945), às quais marcaram de forma profunda e longeva o campo da saúde pública no Brasil, dentre estas foi a institucionalização e profissionalização da Enfermagem por parte do Estado [Fragmento de texto] (AU)

Papel das Enfermeiras na Abordagem às Doenças Venéreas no Contexto da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira (1920-1924) / Papel del Enfermero en el Abordaje de las Enfermedades Venéreas en el Contexto de la Reforma Sanitaria Brasileña (1920-1924) / Role of Nurses in Approaching Venereal Diseases in the Context of the Brazilian Health Reform (1920-1924)

A primeira escola de Enfermagem do Brasil, denominada Escola Profissional de Enfermeiros e Enfermeiras, inspirada na Escola francesa de Salpetirère, foi criada em 1890. Entretanto, até o início do século XX, a Enfermagem no Brasil ainda era exercida com bases puramente empíricas, realidade que seria completamente reformulada até o ano de 1924 [Fragmento de texto] (AU)

Construcciones en promoción de salud, basadas en discursos radiales,Chile 1983: Un estudio histórico / Construções em promoção da saúde a partir de discursos radiofónicos Chile 1983:Um estudo histórico / Constructions in health promotion, based on radio speeches, Chile 1983: A historical study

Introduction: The educational function of the nursing role is considered an instance oflink with the community. Objective: to unveil health promotion practices based on educationalradio advertisements of nurses in 1983 in Chile. Material and method: qualitative perspective,with linguistically oriented discourse analysis, and review of the literature in databases: Scielo,Google scholar, Science direct, with keywords: community health nursing, role of the nurse,health education , history of nursing. Results: the education function in the nursing role showspower edges and is associated with the political context of the time. The care of the child and thefamily is associated with the responsibility of the woman, with explicit instructions that themother must comply with in order to obtain optimal health for her children. Hygiene measuressuch as hand washing are strongly instilled in the prevention of infectious - contagious diseases.Discussion and Conclusion: Health promotion, exercised as a radio educational activity, was analternative for linking and channeling with the most vulnerable population, to achieve states offamily well-being and made it possible to make visible the educational function of the role ofprofessional nurses

Introducción: La función de educación del rol de enfermería, se considera instancia devínculo con la comunidad. Objetivo: develar prácticas de promoción de salud basadas en anuncioseducativos radiales de enfermeras en el año 1983 en Chile. Material y método: perspectivacualitativa, con análisis de discurso de orientación lingüística, y revisión de la literatura en basesde datos: Scielo, Google scholar, Science direct, con palabras claves: enfermería en saludcomunitaria, rol de la enfermera, educación en salud, historia de la enfermería. Resultados: lafunción de educación en el rol de enfermería muestra aristas de poder y se asocia al contextopolítico de la época. Se asocia el cuidado del niño y familia a la responsabilidad de la mujer,explicitándose instrucciones que debía cumplir la madre para obtener una óptima salud de sushijos. Se inculcan fuertemente medidas de higiene como lavado de manos en prevención deenfermedades infecto - contagiosas. Discusión y Conclusión: La promoción de la salud, ejercidacomo actividad educativa radial fue una alternativa de vinculación y canalización con la poblaciónmás vulnerable, para alcanzar estados de bienestar familiar y permitió visibilizar la función deeducación del rol de las profesionales enfermeras.

Introdução: A função educativa da função de enfermagem é considerada uma instânciade vínculo com a comunidade. Objetivo: desvelar práticas de promoção da saúde baseadas emanúncios educacionais de rádio de enfermeiras em 1983 no Chile. Material e método: perspectivaqualitativa, com análise do discurso com orientação linguística, e revisão da literatura nas basesde dados: Scielo, Google scholar, Science direct, com palavras-chave: enfermagem em saúdecomunitária, papel do enfermeiro, educação em saúde, história da enfermagem. Resultados: afunção educativa na função de enfermagem apresenta limites de poder e está associada aocontexto político da época. O cuidado do filho e da família está associado à responsabilidade damulher, especificando as instruções que a mãe deve cumprir para obter a saúde ideal para seusfilhos. As medidas de higiene, como a lavagem das mãos, são fortemente utilizadas na prevenção87Cultura de los Cuidados. 1º Cuatrimestre 2022. Año XXVI. nº 62de doenças infecto-contagiosas. Discussão e Conclusão: A promoção da saúde, exercida comoatividade educativa radiofônica, foi uma alternativa de vinculação e canalização com a populaçãomais vulnerável, para o alcance de estados de bem-estar familiar e possibilitou tornar visível afunção educativa da atuação do profissional enfermeiras

Signos do vestuário de enfermeira na formatura / Señales de ropa de enfermería en la formatura / Signs of the nurse's clothing at graduation

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os uniformes usados na cerimônia de formatura de enfermeiras e seus significados para a identidade profissional. Método Estudou-se uma escola de enfermagem de Minas Gerais, no período de 1947 até 1964. Pesquisa qualitativa, histórico-social, mediante a qual foram analisados documentos escritos, fotográficos e orais, considerando as bases conceituais de identidade profissional, do sociólogo Claude Dubar, e de vestuário e seus significados simbólicos, de Roland Barthes. Resultados O uniforme das enfermeiras, usado na formatura, possuía signos de identidade institucional e profissional. Foi constituído pelo clássico vestido branco, com touca e outros acessórios. Conclusões e implicações para a prática O uniforme de formatura de enfermeiras correspondeu aos avanços da moda e da cientificidade, configurando-se uma marca na construção do papel e consolidação da identidade profissional, contribuindo para a identificação de uma categoria profissional em formação.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los uniformes utilizados en la ceremonia de graduación de enfermeras y sus significados para la identidad profesional. Método Se estudió una escuela de enfermería de Minas Gerais, relativo al periodo de 1947 a 1964. Investigación cualitativa, histórico-social, en la que se analizaron documentos escritos, fotográficos y orales, considerando las bases conceptuales de la identidad profesional, del sociólogo Claude Dubar, y de vestuario y sus significados simbólicos, de Roland Barthes. Resultados El uniforme de las enfermeras, utilizado en la graduación, presentaba señales de identidad institucional y profesional. Consistía en el clásico vestido blanco, con gorra y otros complementos. Conclusiones e implicaciones para la práctica El uniforme de graduación de enfermeras correspondió a los avances de moda y cientificidad, convirtiéndose en una marca en la construcción y consolidación de la identidad profesional, contribuyendo para la identificación de una categoría profesional en formación.

Abstract Objective to analyze the uniforms used in the graduation ceremony of nurses and their meanings for professional identity. Method A nursing school in Minas Gerais was studied from the period of 1947 to 1964. Qualitative, social-historical research, through which written, photographic and oral documents were analyzed, considering the conceptual bases of professional identity, by the sociologist Claude Dubar, and of clothing and its symbolic meanings, by Roland Barthes. Results The nurses' uniform used at graduation had institutional and professional identity signs. It consisted of the classic white dress, with a cap and other accessories. Conclusions and implications for practice The nurse's graduation uniform corresponded to the advances in fashion and scientificity, becoming a mark in the construction of the role and a consolidation of professional identity, contributing to the identification of a professional category in training.

The Flu Pandemic of 1918: A Nurse's Story.

ABSTRACT: In the spring of 1918, a virus swept across the world, killing approximately 50 million people by the summer of 1919. My grandmother, Kathryn ("Katie") Ann Darmody-an Irish immigrant who settled in New York State in 1904-was among the nurses who responded to this pandemic, which became known as the 1918 influenza pandemic (or, erroneously, the Spanish flu). Today, as the world contends with the COVID-19 pandemic, my grandmother's experiences resonate with new meaning-a reminder of how, then as now, nurses have been at the forefront of public health. Her story, transmitted across generations, is one I now share with a new generation of nurses.

Understanding failings in patient safety: lessons from the case of surgeon Ian Paterson.

While rare, incidents of inappropriate and/or unnecessary surgery do occur, so effective surveillance of surgical practice is required to ensure patient safety. This article explores the case of Ian Paterson, a consultant surgeon who was sentenced to 20 years in prison in 2017 for wounding with intent and unlawful wounding, primarily by undertaking inappropriate or unnecessary mastectomies. The article details the main points of the Paterson case, with reference to the subsequent government-commissioned inquiry and its recommendations. It also outlines various strategies for enhancing patient safety, including applying human factors theory, improving auditing, and rationalising NHS and private healthcare. The author concludes that nurses have a crucial role in the surveillance of surgical practice and that combined reporting of surgeons' practice across NHS and private healthcare organisations is required.

A career open to the talents-Nurses' doing and focus during the history.

Based on a historical and a contemporary fieldwork at a Danish hospital, this article offers a genealogical and philosophical exploration of the development of nurses' doing and focus within a hospital setting from the 1800 s to the present day. This exploration finds that nurses' doing has changed during history, which is reflected in their focus. Thus, nurses' focus has developed from, what the Danish philosopher Uffe Juul Jensen refers to as a situation-oriented, to a disease-oriented practice, and while new values are established, the conception of care as a core value in nursing seems to have receded. This article also argues that today's nurses are doing what doctors did in the 19th century. The French philosopher Michel Foucault discusses how things repeat themselves in new ways and new contexts. The nursing profession has become 'a career open to the talents' where nurses with the appropriate skills and talents are able to build a career, within which they provide status, position and legitimacy. The conclusion of the article discusses the significance of this development for patients and the nursing profession.

History of the Military Nurse Corps and the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: Lessons for the 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic.

During World War I, the 1918 influenza pandemic struck the fatigued combat troops serving on the Western Front. Medical treatment options were limited; thus, skilled military nursing care was the primary therapy and the best indicator of patient outcomes. This article examines the military nursing's role in the care of the soldiers during the 1918 flu pandemic and compares this to the 2019 coronavirus pandemic.

The perils of not knowing the history of the nurse practitioner role.

Historians tell us there are perils to not knowing history and that studying history allows us to understand our past as well as our present. The how and why of our nurse practitioner (NP) role today lies in our history. The NP role was created in the 1960s by Dr. Loretta Ford and Dr. Henry Silver in Colorado out of need to increase patients' access to pediatric care. Today, Dr. Ford believes NPs providing high-quality primary care can solve what ails the country: access to care. To better understand how the NP role developed, what pushback was met from health care professionals and patients that hindered practice and how this was resolved, how NP practice has changed, and pearls of wisdom for contemporary NPs were questions asked of six pioneer NPs (female, n = 5; male, n = 1). Their collated responses illuminate myriad ways the role was established and how each one overcame restrictions and barriers to practice. These pioneer NP participants highlighted ways NP practice has changed since those early days. They imparted a variety of pearls of wisdom that can guide contemporary NPs to address scope of practice barriers and overcome patient's and other health professionals' objections to NP practice. Loretta Ford cautions us to remember the most important word in NP is "Nurse" and we need to be mindful of our professional roots. Many of these pioneer respondents noted the importance of collective voices when dealing with professional and practice issues; they urge all NPs to join and be active in professional organizations that are invested in promoting and protecting the NP role.

The UK haemophilia specialist nurse: Competencies fit for practice in the 21st century.

INTRODUCTION: Nurses play a central co-ordinating role in delivering comprehensive care for people with haemophilia and allied bleeding disorders, for which they need a broad range of competencies. The UK Haemophilia Nurses Association (HNA) published a role description in 1994 which was developed into a competency framework in 2014. This has now been updated to reflect current educational and clinical practice. AIM: To summarize the evidence supporting the nurse's advanced role within haemophilia care and develop new competencies to deliver comprehensive care within a multidisciplinary team. METHODS: Systematic reviews were identified by PubMed literature search. The HNA conducted workshops to consult its membership, and the authors incorporated this input to update its competency framework within the structure outlined by Health Education England in multiprofessional framework for advanced clinical practice in England (2017). RESULTS: The proposed framework includes five domains (Clinical knowledge, Clinical/direct care, Communication and support, Collaborative practice and Research) supported by indicators for four levels of practice (beginner, competent, proficient and expert). The framework is a tool which nurses and their managers can use to assess skills and knowledge, and identify learning needs appropriate to personal development and improve patient care and outcomes. CONCLUSION: The HNA has developed a new competency framework to provide a strong foundation for haemophilia specialist nurses to continue improving services for people living with bleeding disorders and their families, as well as supporting personal development alongside new therapeutic options, models of care and follow-up.

Quo Vadis? A question of historical awareness.

AIM: To emphasize the role of history in shaping clinical nursing identity and opportunities, and encourage nurses' contribution to the story of contemporary clinical nursing. APPROACH: Drawing upon history frameworks and approaches to history research, greater engagement of clinical nurses in recording nursing history is canvassed. A basic framework for developing historical research from practice narratives is suggested as a feasible option. OUTCOMES: Topics identified: a) nurses' awareness of their history and nursing's professional standing; b) the importance of oral history in nursing development; and c) digital influences on history research and constructing historical narratives. CONCLUSION: Clinical nurses' stories contribute to historical research. All nurses are responsible for gathering and distributing contemporary local narratives on clinical nursing. Oral history research provides a framework for nurses to record and share stories. IMPLICATIONS: Recorded history can prevent nursing from being trivialized or misrepresented. Missing accounts of contemporary nursing create gaps in our narrative and risk future professional disempowerment.

Florence Nightingale: creator of modern nursing and public health pioneer.

In his 2008 series of articles on notable women in healthcare, Professor Harold Ellis celebrates Florence Nightingale's contribution to nursing, research and public health. This month, we republish his article to coincide with the 2020, 'Year of the Nurse and Midwife', celebrating the famous lady with the lamp's work in the Crimean War, as well as her pioneering work in the fields of nursing and public health, that helped shape current practice and research.